Hair waving apparatus



Sept. 15, 1931.

A. G. BORDEN 1,823,023

HAIR WAVING APPARATUS I* Filed oct, 12, 1929 :5 sheets-shed. 1

IIE- E yINVENTOR. c gft/054Mo S- 5ba/www,

' E112 5' dwf, ATTORNEY Sept. 15, 1931. A- G, BORDEN 1,823,023

HAIR WAVING APPARATUS Filed Oct. l2. 1929 3 SheetS-Shet. 2

' INVENToR.

Q, @Mede/W,

B ATTORNEY Sept. 15, 1931. A. G. SORDI-:N 1,823,023

HAIR wAvING' 4APPARATUS Filed Oct. l2, 1929 3 Sheets-Sheet. 3

i112. :ll ,ECT-l IN V EN TOR.

ATTO NEY AFatented Sept. l5, 193i UNITED STATES PA-TENT' OFFICE ARTHURG'. BORDEN, OF WASHINGTON, DISTRICT DF COLUMBIA, ASSIGNOR TO -THE BORDEN'.MZETBOD, INC., 0F WASHINGTON,

TION' 0F DELAWARE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, A CORPO`RA HAIR yWAVINGATPARATUS Application :filed vOct-ober 12, 1929. Serial No. 399,362.

My invention relates broadly to apparatus for waving hair, and moreparticularly to the construction of heater chamber in which hair may besubjected to heat treatment during a hair waving operation.

@ne of the objects of my invention is `to provide a construction ofheater for use 1 n processes of hair waving wherein the hair isprotected while being subjected to heat treatment within an oven-likechamber and the scalp of the patron fully protected against possibleleakage of condensate from the heater chamber.

Another object of my invention is to provide a construction of heattreatment chambei' for hair waving apparatus in which the hair may bewound upon a mandrel and introduced into the heater chamber withoutentangling the hair within the heater chamber and allowing the hair tobe maintained at a safe temperature spaced from the inner walls of theheater.

A further object of my invention is to provide a construction ofsecuring means for a mandrel in a hair waving apparatus Where thesecuring means is arranged to engage the exterior of the heater chamberfor maintaining the mandrel and hair wound thereon sub,- stantiallycentral of the heaterV and free of obstruction by mechanical applianceswithinthe heater. A

A still further object of my invention is to provide a construction ofclamp for engaging the exterior end of a heater chamber in a hair wavingapparatus wherein the clampcarries a mandrel on which the hair of thepatron is wound where the mandrel is centered Within the heater chamberand maintained out of contact with the interior walls of the heatingchamber. f

Another object ofmy-invention is to provide a construction of haii`waving apparatus wherein the parts are formed from material having lowheat conducting preperties whereby the parts of the apparatus which mustnecessarily engage the hair of the patron or contact with the operatorarehiaintained at a relatively low temperature.

Still another object of my invention is to provide a construction ofclosure for the lower end of the heater chamber in a hair wavingapparatus by which the liquid caused from condensation within the heateris prevented from leaking upon the head of the patron.

A further object of my invention is to provide a holder at one end ofthe heater chamber.

in a hair waving apparatus for receiving perfumed moisture absorbingpads which prevent leakage of condensate from the heater upon the headof the patron at the same time giving out a scented aroma.

My invention further resides in the construction of a hair wavingapparatus set forth in the following'- specification and .shown in theaccompanying drawings, where- 1n: 1

curler rod and support therefor showing the hair wound upon the rodpreparatory to insertion within the heat treatment chamber; Fig. 2 is acrosssectional view-of the lower portion of the heater chamber showingthe hair curler rod inserted'in position in the lower end thereof, thehair curler rod being partially broken away and shown in crosssection;Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken on line 3 3y of Fig. 2; Fig. 4 isa cross-sectional .view taken through the closure member for the lowerend ofthe heater chamber on line 4-4 of Fig. 2; Fig. 5 is across-sectional vieW taken on line 5-5 of Fig. 2; Fig. 6 is a viewshowing the parts of the closure for the heater and a fragmentaryportion of the mandrel partially broken away and illustrated incross-section; Fig. 7 is a. cross-sectional view of the lower portion ofthe heater and the end closure therefor where the mandrel with the hairwound thereon is about to be centered within the heater chamber withoutthe aid of any interior clamping means; Fig. 8 shows aniodified form ofend closure for the heater of a hair waving apparatus constructed inaccordance with my invention; Fig-9 is an assembly view of the completeheater with the end closure in position onthe lower extremity thereof;Fig. l0 is a fragmentary cross-sectional View taken through theremovable cover of the heater of my invention; Figli is a side elevationshowing one of the commercial Figure l is a side elevation ofthe hairFig. 11; Fig. 13 is a fragmentary cross-secitional view through thelower portion of the form of hair Waver shown in Fig. 11;Fig.

14 illustrates the top cover of the hair Waver removed from the lowerextremity of the casing; Fig. 15 illustrates the manner in which theheater is connected to the bottom closure member', Fig. 16 is across-sectional view taken through the terminal of the heater on line16-16 of Fig. 12; and Fig. 17 is a perspective view of the parts formingthe connection means between the heating resistor within the heater andthe conducting wires leading to the heater. y

I have discovered that the hair maybe protected against excessive heatand still receive the required heat treatment by constructing the partsof a hair-Waving apparatus from heat resisting and non-heatconductive-non-corrosive material. Heretofore in hair Waving apparatusthe parts Within themselves absorb and retain a considerable amount ofheat. I have found that the strands of hair Which must necessarilycontact With the heated parts of the apparatus become overheated and dryimmediately next to or adjacent the surface of the curling rod. Thisresults in destruction of the hair by loss of vitality and actuallydecreases the ability of the strands of hair to retain a wave form.Heretofore parts of the hair Waving apparatus' have become corroded andas a result the strands of hair in immediate contact With thecorroded'parts are tarnished by action of the caustic waving solutionsused 'in the hair Waver and the hair has become discolored. Heretoforethere ha-s been danger of leakage from the lower end of the heaterchamber upon the scalp of the patron resulting in serious burns and painto the patron. Very often the use of caustic Waving solutions within theheater chamber give rise to disagreeable odors, resultin from steamingthe hair which is a defect ound in most of the hair Waving apparatus ofthe prior art. 'Ihe lower end of heaters heretofore known in the art hasnormally been at such excessive temperature that there is a tendency forthe patron to be subjected to discomfort during the hair Waving process.

I have considered these various defects of heaters heretofore availablein the art finally arriving at a construction of hair Waving ap aratuswhich avoids the defects hereinbefbre noted. I construct the parts ofthe heater and the curling rod from heat resisting and non-heatconductive-non-corrosive material. By means of an external clamp, Icenter the curling rod or mandrel within the heat treatment chamber byan` external engagement between the end closure and the heater chamber,thereby avoiding any obstructions within the heater which normally 'Iber, and in this closure I provide a plurality y of scented discs bywhich a volatile perfume is released as the discs are heated. 'Ihe aromariseswithin the heater chamber and agreeably scents and perfumes thehair under treatment therein. The actual contact of the end of theheater'with the scalp of the patron is maintained at relatively loWtemperature by the provision of a permanent air space between sectionsof the end closure preventing excess heat adjacent the -scalp of thepatron.

Referring to the drawings in more detail, reference character 1designates a heat resisting lplate member apertured at 1c and providedwith integral upstanding projections 1a. The heat resisting plate member2` is secured to the lower plate member 1 by rivet members 2aproviding apositive air gap between the plate members for the circulation of airfor maintaining the lower plate at a relatively low temperature. rod ormandrel 3 of heat resisting material has one end thereof providedf withthe interior insert 5 which is engaged by means of screw member 4 havinga head 4a formed thereon and imbedded in plate member 1. The head 4a of,the screw 4 is irregular in `shape to prevent the turning'of the screwmember 4 With respect to the plate 2. I pro vide a finger engagingdevice 2c on plate member 2 to enable the stationary portion of the endclosure to be gripped as hereinafter explained. The plate member 2 isprovided With an arcuate slot 2b with an extension 1b extending upwardlyat one end of the slot. I provide an angularly movable heat resistingplate member 6 apertured at 6b for the passage of screw member 4therethrough. An arcuate shaped slot 6a is provided in plate 6,Whichslot receives vthe upstanding projection 1b and when registeredwith aperture 2b permits the passage of`- strands of hair into theheater chamber. A finger piece 60 is formed on plate 6, the fingerpieces 2c and 6c being employed for angularly shiftingplate 6 andsecuring the hair in position in the heat treatment chamber.

The plate member 6 is molded with the cup shaped end closure member`7secured therein and With a spring device 8 extending diametricallyacross" the plate 6 with spring fingers 8a and 8b at opposite endsthereof. The fingers 8a and 8b are notched to spring into an annularrecess 10 formed in the exterior wall 11- of the casing Which isconstructed of heat resisting material for centering the mandrel 3Within the casing-With out the necessity of an interior clamp which Thecurlingmay normally injure the hair. The lower extremity of the. casing11 terminates in an annular inturned wall 17 forming a seat for theheater 16. The casinr 11 is apertured at 12 for the circulation of7 airtherethrough. The end closure is made moisture tight by means of thepaper discs 18 and 19 which are passed over the mandrel 3 and formsealing gaskets with respect to the inturned edge 17 of the heaterchamber. The paper discs 18 and 19 are scented with a Volatile perfume,which perfume is released under conditions of heat and moisture andrises as a gas within the heater chamber and agreeably scents andperfumes the hair; The strands of hair are wound on mandrel 3 asillustrated at 21. The strands pass through the pad 26 on the end ofplate member 1, through aperture 1c in plate 1, aperture 2b in plate 2,and aperture 6a in plate 6 to the interior of the chamber Where it isback wrapped upon mandrel 3 as illustrated at 21 by means of the Winder22. The Winder 22 is also formed of heat resisting material and includesa notch 2 into which the strands of hair are guided by means of guidelug 23. The Winder 22 is gripped by means of the finger projection at 25in carrying out the Winding process. For theI purpose of heat treatmentwith selected caustic solutions, I may wrap a tape 29 over the hair asrepresented in Figure 7, enabling the hair to be subjected to the hairwaving process under conditions of proper moisture and chemicaltreatment within the heater.

In Figure 9, I have shown the completed heater casing having upperpo-rtion 14 connected with the lower portion 11 heretofore described.The upper portion 14 of the casing is apertured at 15 for thecirculation of air currents therethrough. The mandrel 3 projects throughthe upper portion 14 of the casing but is not locked in position withrespect thereto, thereby enabling the mandrel to be free to withdrawfrom the lower end of the heater. The flexible conductors 28 lead to thesource of energy which energizes the heating coil 16 within the heater.

In Figure 8, I have shown a modified construction of heater wherein theend closure 7 is secured in position by suction forces which are set upwhen the end closure is pressed over the lower external end of theheater chamber.

Figure 1() is a fragmentary cross-sectional view through the upperportion of the heater showing the removable end cap 30 which covers thecountersunk binding posts 31 which form the terminals for the heatingcoil 16. The conductors 28 pass through the top of the casing andconnect with binding postsA 31. Tie cords 32 are passed through lugs 14aon the casing 14 and are knotted at 32a forming means for relieving thestrain from the connecting wires 28. The cap 30 is interiorly grooved at30a to receive the extremity of the curling rod through the heaterchamber' i on a suitable extension to the mandrel, the hair beingenclosed by a suitable protective wrapper.

In the commercial form of heater shown in Figure 11, the parts 11 and 14are coupled by .f

screw threaded portion 35. The cap 30I is provided with. a' resilientwire member 36 which is arranged to spring into the groove 37 formed inthe upwardly extending shoulder 141)l of the heater casing 14. The lugs14a are recessed at 38' in the form of heater shown in Figure 11, asdesignated in the cross-sectional View shown in Figure l2, to receivethe terminal formed by block members 39 and 40. The blocks 39 and 40 aregrooved as represented at 39a' and 40a and are interconnected by meansof screw 41 which engages screw threads 41av formed therein by which theend of the conductor at 167) which extends from the heater 16 may begripped and the end of the conductor 28 similarly gripped for providinga complete electrical connection through the heater. The recess 38 maybe closed by a suitable plug 42. At the lower end ofthe heater, I haveshown the closure 7 secured in place by a spring ring member 43 which iscarried by the end closure 7 and springs into the groove 44 in the lowerend of the casing 11 in much the same manner as the spring member 36engages the angular groove 37 at the top of the heater casing.

The parts of the heater and mandrel including the end closure are all ofextremely light weight by virtue of the construction thereof from heatresisting material, and I find that this is an added advantage in asmuch as the patron is not subjected to unreasonable Weight of parts ofthe strands of hair under treatment.

I have found the hair waving apparatus of my invention extremelypractical in its construction and operation and highly successful in thetreatment of hair in a hairwaving process lwhile affording the patronmaximum comfort and imparting to the hair a permanent wave of lastingvitality.

While I have described my invention in certain of its preferredembodiments, I de-v sire that it be understood that modifications may bemade and that no limitations upon my invention are intended other thanare imposed by the scope of the appended claims. y What I claim as newand desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is asfollows:

1. Hair Waving apparatus comprising a heater chamber, a closure for thelower end of said heater chamber, means for securing strands of halrthrough sald closure and 1nto said chamber, a mandrel carried by saidclosure for receiving the strands of hair in wound formation thereon,means on said closureencircling the exterior of the end' of said heaterchamber, and/separate means Jfor detachably engaging said aforesaidmeans with the exterior wall of said heater chamber.

2. Hair waving apparatus comprising' a heater chamber, a closure for thelower end of said heater chamber, a mandrel carried by said closure andprojectable centrally within said heater chamber, means forA securingstrands of hair through said closure, means for wrapping the strands ofhair on said mandrel, and means carried by said closure for engaging theexterior Walls of the lower end of said heater chamber for securingsaid,closure in position with respect to said heater chamber.

3. Hair waving apparatus comprising a` lower end of said heater chamber,'and resil-v ient means mounted adjacent said annular member andoperative against the walls of said'chamber for maintaining theposit-ion of said annular member with respect to said 4chamber andpositioning said mandrel centrally within said heaterfchamber with thestrands of hair thereon spaced from the interior walls of said chamber.

4. Hair waving apparatus comprising a heater chamber, a cloi ure for thelower end of said heater chamber, a mandrel carried by said closure andprojectable to a position centrally within said heater chamber, saidclosure having means for securing strands of hair therethrough in aposition wrapped upon said mandrel, and a cup-shaped member carried bysaid closure for engaging the exterior walls of the lower end of saidheater chamber.

5. Hair waving apparatus comprising a heater chamber, a closure for thelower end of said heater chamber, a mandrel carried by said closure andprojectable to a position centrally within said heater chamber, saidclosure having means for securing strands of hair therethrough in aposition wrapped upon said mandrel, a cup-shaped member carried by saidclosure, and spring means positioned' adjacent said cup-shapedmember'for engaging the exterior walls of said heater chamber andsecuring said mandrel centrally within said heater chamber and spacingthe strands of hair thereon from the interior walls thereof.

6. Hair waving apparatus comprising a heater chamber, a closure for thelower end of.

said heater chamber, a mandrel carried by said closure and projectableto a position centrally within said heater chamber, means for securingstrands of hair through said closure in wrapped formation upon saidmandrel, and a diametricallyextending strip of resilient materialengaging the exterior walls olf the lower extremity of said heater chamfheater chamber, a closure for the lower end of said heater chamber, amandrel carried by said closure and projectable toa positioncentrallywithin said heater chamber, means for securing'strands of hairthrough said closure in wrapped formation upon said mandrel, and springmeans carried by said closure and engageable with the exterior walls ofthe lower extremity of said heater chamber for centrally positioningsaid mandrel within said chamber and maintaining the strands of hairthereon out of contact with the interior walls of said heaterchamber.

8. Hair waving apparatus comprising a heater chamber having an annulargroove formed in the exterior walls thereof adjacent the lowerextremityof said chamber, a closure for the lower end of said heaterchamber, a mandrel carried by said closure and projectableto a positioncentrally within said heater chamber, means for securing strands of hairthrough said closure in wrapped p0- sition upon said mandrel, and springmeans carried by said closure and engageable with the annular groove inthe end of said chamber for securing said mandrel in position withinsaid chamber, with the strands of hair thereon out of contact with theinterior walls of said heater chamber.

9. Hair wavingV apparatus comprising a heater chamber, a closure for thelower end of said chamber, a mandrel carried by said closure andprojectable to a position centrally within ysaid chamber, means forsecuring strands of hair through said closure in a po- "sition woundupon said mandrel, said closure including a cup-shaped member arrangedto embrace the lower extremity of the exterior walls of said heaterchamber, and a plurality of moisture absorbing pads carried by saidcup-shaped member for substantially sealing the endof said chamber.

10. In a hair waving apparatus, a heater chamber terminating in anannular angularly disposed exterior wall, a closure for'the end of saidheater chamber, 'a mandrel carried by said closure and projectable to aposition within said heater chamber, means for securing str'andsot` hairthrough. said closure in a wrapped position upon said mandrel, and anannular member carried by said closure for telescopically embracing aportion of the angularly disposed exterior side walls of saidv ingsaidmandrel in a central position within said chamber. t

12. A closure for the heater chamber of a hair Waving apparatuscomprising a substantially cup-shaped member engaging the lowerextremity of the exterior walls of said chamber. a multiplicity ofnon-heat conductive plate members positioned in parallel planes beneathsaid closure, one of said plate members having integrally formed lugs ofnon-heat conductive material thereon for positively spacing said platemembers one from another, while providing a passage for the circulationof air between said plate members. and means for securing strands ofhair through said plate members in a position for heat treatment withinsaid chamber.

13. Hair waving apparatus comprising a heater chamber, a closure for thelower end of said heater chamber, a mandrel carried by said closure andprojectable to a position centrally within said heater chamber, saidclosure having means engaging the exterior walls of the lower extremityof said heater chamber, a multiplicity of non-heat conductive platemembers located in planes spaced one from another beneath said heaterchamber. non-conductive spacing members for positively 'spacing saidplate members for establishing a path for the circulation of airtherebetween, and means for securing strands of hair through said platesto a position in wrapped formation upon said mandrel.

14.' Hair waving apparatus comprising a casing of heat resistivematerial, a closure for the lower end of said casing comprising amultiplicity of parallel extending plate members of heat resistivematerial, a mandrel of heat resistive material projectable within saidcasing, heat resistive means for positively spacing` one of said platemembers from an adjacent plate member, and means for securing strands ofhairthrough said plate members in a wrapped position upon said mandrel.

15. Hair waving apparatus comprising a heater chamber, a closure ofnon-heat conductive material for said heater chamber, an end closure forthe lower extremity of said chamber comprising a multiplicity ofparallel extending plate members of non-heat conducting material, amandrel carried by one of said plate members and projectable to aposition interiorly of said chamber, means securing said closure to theexterior Walls of the lower portion of said chamber, heat resistingmeans for spacing said plate members one from another for providing apath for the circulation of air therebetween, and means for securingsaid strands of hair through said plate members in wrapped formationupon said mandrel for heat treatment within said chamber.

16. In an apparatus for waving hair, a heat treatment chamber, a closurefor the end of said chamber, a mandrel for receiving strands of hair inWrapped formation for treatment within said chamber, and a gasketsaturated with a volatile perfume located between the end of saidchamber and said closure.

' 17. In van apparatus for waving hair, a heat treatment chamber, aclosure for the end of said chamber, a mandrel for receiving strands ofhair-in wrapped formation for treatment within said chamber and discmembers each saturated with a volatile perfume subject to release underconditions of heat and moisture, said disc members being carried by saidclosure and providing a seal with respect to the lower extremity of saidcasmg.

18. Hair waving apparatus comprising a heater chamber, a closure of heatresistlve material for said heater chamber, an end closure comprising amultiplicity of plate members of heat resistive material providing aseal for the lower extremity of said chamber, a mandrel of heatresistive material carried by one of said plate members, heat resistivemeans for spacing said plate members in stacked arrangement with apassage for the circulation of air therebetween, a hea-t resistive padon the end of the lowermost plate member and means for securing strandsof hair through said pad and through said plate members in Wrappedformation upon said mandrel for the heat treatment thereof within rilchamber.

19. Hair waving apparatus comprising a heater chamber, means enclosingsaid chamber, a closure at the lower end of said chamber, terminalsadjacent the upper end of said chamber, a removable cap on the upper endof said chamber extending over said terminals, means carried by saidclosure for receiving strands of hair in wound formation thereon "forthe heat treatment thereof, said means being extensible through theremovable cap on said chamber, said cap being formed from insulatingmaterial for. preventing contact with .said terminals.

20. Hair waving apparatus comprising a heater chamber, means enclosingsaid chamber,`a closure at the lower end of said chamber,`extension.lugsformed adjacent the upper end of said chamber, terminals housed by saidextension lugs, a removable end cap of insulating material engageablewith the end of said chamber, a closure for the lower end of saidchamber, a mandrel carried by 'said closure for receiving hair inwrapped formation for heat treatment within said chamber, said removableend cap substantially covering said terminals and protecting saic.1terminals against exterior Contact therewit In testimony whereof I aixmy signature.

ARTHUR G. BORDEN.

